Hanzhong, a prefecture-level city in Shaanxi Province, is one of the birthplaces of human civilization. On July 29, General Secretary Xi Jinping visited Hanzhong City, toured the Hanzhong City Museum of Historical Relics and learned about Hanzhong's history, culture and cultural relics protection. He pointed out that museums should play a positive role in protecting, inheriting, researching, and exhibiting human civilization, safeguarding the Chinese cultural lineage, and bringing cultural relics to life so as to expand the influence of Chinese culture.
Today, we will take a tour of Hanzhong City to experience the charm of Tianhan and preserve Chinese civilization.
The Birthplace of the Han Ethnic Group, the Jewel of China
Hanzhong City is located in the southwest of Shaanxi Province, bordering Sichuan Province, and is named after the Han River that flows through the city; it was also known as "Tianhan" in ancient times.
Hanzhong has been inhabited by human ancestors since the Stone Age. The local ruins of Longgang Temple and the Scabies Cave have unearthed a large number of stone tools, ceramics and other historical artifacts that testify to the ancient civilization and splendor of Hanzhong.
During the Xia Dynasty, the Bao clan from the south of the Qinling Mountains established the Bao State in Hanzhong, becoming a member of the early Cathay. Since then, the glorious civilizations of the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties began in Hanzhong.
After the fall of the Qin Dynasty, Emperor Liu Bang chose Hanzhong as his base and founded the Han Dynasty, which lasted for more than 400 years. The Han Dynasty, the Han people, the Han ethnic group, the Han (Mandarin) language and other Han-related titles have been handed down to this day, forming a magnificent Han culture.
"Each brick and stone records the vicissitudes of history." Hanzhong's historical relics, such as the Baijiang Altar, the Ancient Han Terrace, the Horse Pond, the Baoxie Plank Road and its cliff inscriptions, silently tell the story of the birth of Chinese civilization.
Crossing a Thousand Years Through the Baoxie Plank Road
The Hanzhong Museum, visited by General Secretary Xi Jinping, is a constellation of museums built around the "Three Western Han Ruins". Among them, the Ancient Han Terrace was once the site of the palace where the Han Emperor Liu Bang temporarily resided. The terrace not only houses the Wangjiang Tower, which offers "panoramic views of Qin and Shu," but also the famous Baoxie Plank Road.
"The road to Shu is hard, harder than climbing the blue sky!" Wrote the Tang Dynasty poet Li Bai. In order to cross the Qinba Mountain Areas, the ancient Chinese ancestors dug caves in the cliffs, put beams in them, paved them with wooden planks, and built the Plank Road.
Hanzhong was the ancient transportation hub connecting Sichuan and Chang'an, with a total of seven plank roads, known as the "Hometown of Plank Roads". Among them, the Baoxie Plank Road was put into use the earliest, and also has the largest scale and the longest period of use; it is known as the "Crown of Shu Road".
As the ancient transportation artery between the Central Plains and the southwest region, the plank roads of Hanzhong promote regional economic prosperity and cultural exchanges, and show the ancient spirit of the Chinese people to open roads across borders and strive for a better life; the region has also handed down historical parables such as "pretending to build the plank road while secretly attacking Chencang".
The Stone Gate of Splendor, the Jewel of the Nation
At the southern end of the ancient Baoxie Plank Road, there is a man-made tunnel called "Stone Gate". The Stone Gate Tunnel was built in the Eastern Han Dynasty during the Yongping Era using "fire and water"; it is also the world's first man-made tunnel through which cars can pass.
After the tunnel was opened, officials, merchants, writers, and scholars who passed through left many engravings on the cliffs inside and outside the Stone Gate. Among them, a series of thirteen carvings known as the "Thirteen Rarities of the Stone Gate" are particularly valuable. In the 60s and 70s, due to the construction of water conservancy projects, the "Thirteen Rarities of the Stone Gate" were restored and moved to the Hanzhong Municipal Museum, where they are still on display.
"Shimen embraces glory, its precious cliff carvings leap out of the book; the Han people are fortunate to still possess this priceless treasure of history." The Thirteen Rarities of Stone Gate not only provide important historical records for the study of China's ancient history of transportation, water, and science and technology, but also holds significance for the study of China's ancient text evolution and the development of calligraphic art.
A thousand years of development can be glimpsed in one square inch. From the "Light of Ancient Shu" in the Sanxingdui Museum to the "Charm of Tianhan" in the Hanzhong Museum, we can see the depth and profound history of Chinese civilization.
As General Secretary Xi Jinping said, "A museum is a big school. And the sacred mission of this "big school" is to preserve Chinese civilization and safeguard Chinese cultural roots.